Desalter Operation Optimization

By Adhi Budhiarto - Rabigh, KSADesalter is used to eliminate salts, water, sediment, and suspended solid. We need to have desalter for some reasons, as follows :
To avoid corrosion (effected by salts) – it is usually main target of desalter operation. To avoid fouling and coking (effected by salts, sediment, and suspended solid). To avoid erosion inside piping/equipment (effected by sediment).

Job Vacancy at PT Pertamina UP II

Job vacancy at PT Pertamina

PERTAMINA is a State Owned oil & gas company (National Oil Company), established on December 10, 1957 under the name PT PERMINA. In 1961 the company changed its name to PN PERMINA and after the merger with PN PERTAMIN in 1968 it became PN PERTAMINA. With the enactment of Law 8 of 1971 the company became PERTAMINA. This name persisted until after PERTAMINA changed its

Process Engineer : Job Description

Job Description of A Process Engineer


A Process Engineer develops and optimize economical industrial processes to make the huge range of products on which modern society depends. A Process Engineer may work in small, medium and large businesses. The work is concerned with chemical and biochemical processes in which raw materials undergo change, and involves scaling up processes from the

DCS Foxboro I/A Series : Solaris vs Windows

DCS Foxboro I/A Series : Solaris vs Windows

When it comes to the significant points:

Windows high point - Microsoft OS is the most used OS in the world and many great people are trained on it and the tools that are based on it.Windows low point - Microsoft OS is the most used OS in the world and many evil people are trained on it and the tools that are based on it.Unix low point - Not many

AIM Historian : Using cfgpts to get configuration information from your historian

Using cfgpts to get configuration information from your historian

You can find the cfgpts and in /opt/fox/hstorian/bin/ on the 51 series AP or AW. Documentation for this tool is in the same directory in cfgpts.doc. To get a list of configured points in your historian:

# cd /opt/fox/hstorian/bin
# cfgpts -Rv hist01
ID=ANALOG1:TT405.PNT, PD=KILN 3 TEMP, DB=0.100000, SR=10, RC=216;
ID=ANALOG1:

Rules of Thumb For Delayed Cokers

Rules of Thumb For Delayed Cokers

Setiap pengurangan 8 psi coke drum pressure akan mengurangi coke yield 1.0 wt% on feed.Setiap pengurangan 8 psi coke drum pressure akan menaikkan liquid yield 1.3 vol% on feed.
Setiap kenaikan 10 degF coke drum vapor line temperature akan menurunkan coke yield 0.8 wt% on feed.Setiap kenaikan 10 degF coke drum vapor line temperature akan menaikkan gas dan

Thermal Cracking Process

Thermal Cracking Process ( Proses Perengkahan Termal)

Proses perengkahan thermal (thermal Cracking) adalah suatu proses pemecahan rantai hydrocarbon dari senyawa rantai panjang menjadi hydrocarbon dengan rantai yang lebih kecil melalui bantuan panas. Suatu proses perengkahan thermal bertujuan untuk mendapatkan fraksi minyak bumi dengan boiling range yang lebih rendah dari feed (umpannya).

Oil Refining : Platforming Process

INTRODUCTION

Motor gasoline (Mogas) production starts with the distillation of crude oil. One of the products out of that process is a fraction of low octane gasoline, normally referred to as naphtha, typically boiling in the range 100 - 160 0C. Other gasoline fractions are produced as a result of secondary processes like catalytic cracking, isomerisation, alkylation and platforming. Petrol is

Database & System Improvement

INTRODUCTION

Database adalah kumpulan dari item data yang saling berhubungan satu dengan yang lainnya yang diorganisasikan berdasarkan sebuah skema atau struktur tertentu, tersimpan di hardware komputer dan dengan software untuk melakukan manipulasi untuk kegunaan tertentu baik untuk waktu sekarang maupun untuk waktu yang akan datang.

Dalam perkembangannya database telah mengalami beberapa

Comparing DIPA vs MDEA

PERBANDINGAN DIPA dan MDEA DARI ASPEK TEKNIS

Untuk membandingkan efektifitas DIPA dengan MDEA dalam melaksanakan fungsinya sebagai solvent pelarut acid gas terdapat beberapa variabel pembanding penting yang dapat dijadikan bahan pertimbangan yaitu sbb:

a. Potensi Degradasi. DIPA diklasifikasikan sebagai secondary alkanoamine yang dengan mudah dapat bereaksi dengan CO2 menghasilkan senyawa

Amine Solution : MEA , DEA , DGA , MDEA , TEA , DIPA

INTRODUCTION

Pemilihan jenis absorbent (amine solution) dalam hal ini amine tergantung dari tujuan proses dan karakteristik dari tipe absorbent, antara lain selektivity untuk H2S, CO2, COS, pengendalian kandungan air di umpan gas, pengontrolan kandungan air di sirkulasi absorbent, cost, suplai absorbent, thermal stability, dll. Pemilihan absorbent juga ditentukan oleh kondisi operasi seperti

Oil Refining : Hydrotreating Process

INTRODUCTION

The objective of the Hydrotreating prococess is to remove suplur as well as other unwanted compunds, e.g. unsaturated hydrocarbons, nitrogen from refinery process streams. Until the end of World War 2, there was little incentive for the oil industry to pay significant attention to improving product quality by hydrogen treatment. However, soon after the war the production of high

History of Refinery Process

INTRODUCTION

Petroleum refining has evolved continuously in response to changing consumer demand for better and different products. The original requirement was to produce kerosene as a cheaper and better source of light than whale oil. The development of the internal combustion engine led to the production of gasoline and diesel fuels. The evolution of the airplane created a need first for

Introduction to Petroleum Refinery Operations

INTRODUCTION.

A petroleum refinery is a manufacturing operation where crude petroleum, the raw material, is converted into usable finished products. In other words, it is the manufacturing phase of the oil industry. This chapter presents a general introduction to overall refinery operations as a forerunner to the detailed information on specific processes and products which follows, and the

CO2 Removal : DEA , ACT-1, MDEA & Piperazine

CO2 Removal : DEA , ACT-1, MDEA & Piperazine


Carbon Dioxide (CO2) gas must be removed and recovered from ammonia process gas to make it fit for the synthesis reaction and later used for urea production. The removal of CO2 gas in ammonia plant is considered as a key stage in ammonia production. Organic amines (Primary, Secondary & Tertiary) have the ability to perform alone, or in combination

Temperature Control : Tuning a PID

Tuning a temperature controller involves setting the proportional, integral, and derivative values to get the best possible control for a particular process. If the controller does not include an autotune algorithm, or if the autotune algorithm does not provide adequate control for the particular application, then the unit must be tuned using trial and error. There are other tuning procedures

Corrosivity in refinery sour water systems

The subject of alkaline sour water (ammonium bisulphide) corrosion in petroleum refineries has been addressed in the literature over the past 25 years. However, despite the prevalence of sour water corrosion problems in refining operations, very little actual ammonium bisulphide corrosion data are published in the open literature. Surprisingly, most of these studies do not take into account the

HPNA : Heavy Poly Nuclear Aromatics

PNA (polynuclear aromatic) adalah polycyclic, hydrocarbon yang terkondensasi, dimana mengandung 2-6 cincin aromat. HPNA adalah PNA dengan 7+ cincin aromat.
Ciri-ciri HPNA :
• Mempunyai 7+ cincin aromat
• Mempunyai melting point tinggi.
• Senyawa polynuclear aromatic yang sulit larut atau dipecahkan pada temperatur rendah.

PNA = PCA (polycyclic aromatics) = PAH (polyaromatics hydrocarbon)

Crude Oil Compositions

The composition of crude oil varies according to where it was obtained. This largely has to do with the type of ground in which the oil was formed, and what contaminants were present and in what relative concentrations. In addition to color variations, there are also various contaminant levels and various flowing properties. Variations aside, crude oil, on average, has the composition shown in

Specific Gravity

Specific Gravity is defined as the ratio of the density of a given substance to the density of water, when both are at the same temperature, it is therefore a dimensionless quantity (see below). Substances with a specific gravity greater than one are denser than water (and so will sink in it), and those with a specific gravity of less than one are less dense than water (and so will float in it).

Job Vacancy in Pertamina

Lowongan Kerja di PT. PERTAMINA (Persero)

PT PERTAMINA (Persero) membuka kesempatan bagi lulusan terbaik perguruan tinggi program S1 dan D3 dari berbagai disiplin ilmu untuk menjadi pekerja di bidang kegiatan usaha Hulu, Pemasaran & Niaga, Hukum dan Keuangan sesuai dengan kualifikasi yang dibutuhkan dan bersedia ditempatkan di seluruh Indonesia, untuk mengisi posisi sebagai berikut :


No.

Pinch Technology : Part 02

Development of the Pinch Technology Approach.

When the process involves single hot and cold streams (as in above example) it is easy to design an optimum heat recovery exchanger network intuitively by heuristic methods. In any industrial set-up the number of streams is so large that the traditional design approach has been found to be limiting in the design of a good network. With the

Oil Refining : Vacuum Distillation ( VDU / HVU )

Introduction

To recover additional distillates from long residue, distillation at reduced pressure and high temperature has to be applied. This vacuum distillation process has become an important chain in maximising the upgrading of crude oil. As distillates, vacuum gas oil, lubricating oils and/or conversion feedstocks are generally produced. The residue from vacuum distillation - short residue

Pinch Technology : Part 01

Introduction.

While oil prices continue to climb, energy conservation remains the prime concern for many process industries. The challenge every process engineer is faced with is to seek answers to questions related to their process energy patterns. A few of the frequently asked questions are:
Are the existing processes as energy efficient as they should be?How can new projects be evaluated with

Oil Refining : Crude Distillation Unit ( CDU )

Distillation is the first step in the processing of crude oil and it takes place in a tall steel tower called a fractionation column. The inside of the column is divided at intervals by horizontal trays. The column is kept very hot at the bottom (the column is insulated) but as different hydrocarbons boil at different temperatures, the temperature gradually reduces towards the top, so that each

What is Octane Number ?

OCTANE NUMBER

A rating of a gasoline in terms of its propensity to cause knocking.

Gasoline is not a chemical compound; it is a mixture of many different compounds. By 1882, experimenters noted that spark ignition internal combustion engines knocked more on some gasolines than on others. Ideally, when the spark ignites the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder of a gasoline engine, the flame front

What is Cetane Number ?

CETANE NUMBER

A rating on a scale used to indicate how quickly a fuel will ignite in a diesel engine, a figure of merit for diesel fuel as the octane number is a figure of merit for gasoline burned in spark ignition engines. A diesel engine run on a fuel with a lower cetane number than it was designed for will be harder to start, noisier, operate roughly and have higher emissions.

In a diesel

Advanced Partial Conversion Unicracking ( APCU )

UOP : Advanced Partial Conversion Unicracking


Introduction

The Unicracking process has proven to be effective in the production of clean fuels. This is especially true for cases where a partial conversion unicracking unit and a FCC unit are integrated. The Advanced Partial Conversion Unicracking (APCU) process is UOP’s latest advancement in the area of ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) production

Flare Gas Recovery Unit

Flare Gas Recovery

Flare Gas Recovery adalah salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk menurunkan flare loss dengan cara me-recover flare gas yang mempunyai nilai potensial untuk dijadikan sebagai feedstock (feed Hydrogen Plant), fuel ataupun product (seperti LPG). Flare Gas Recovery Unit ini juga dapat menurunkan emisi kilang dari produk samping pembakaran seperti NOX, CO, dan CO2.
Flare Gas

Hydrogen Production - Steam Methane Reforming

Hydrogen Production - Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

Introduction

In today's energy supply system, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, and natural gas serve as energy carriers. These carriers are made by the conversion of primary energy sources, such as coal, petroleum, underground methane, and nuclear energy, into an energy form that is easily transported and delivered in a usable form to

Advanced Process Control on DCS

Last month, I got very excited course at Japan Cooperation Center Petroleum (JCCP) during mid winter. I attended that course for around 3 weeks ( 5 - 22 February 2008) in JCCP office (Sunshine 60 Building, 57/58F, Higashi Ikebukuro, Toshimaku, Tokyo, Japan). The participants were from several countries : China (CNPC) , Colombia (Ecopetrol) , Indonesia, Iran (NIORDC) , Libya (AORC), Malaysia (

Distillation : Basic Theory Part 02

Derajat Pemisahan
Derajat pemisahan dapat diartikan sebagai tingkat kemurnian produk atau perolehan produk. Ketajaman pemisahan dapat diketahui dari gap antara dua produk yang berdekatan. Gap adalah beda antara titik distilasi 5% produk dengan titik distilasi 95% produklainnya yang lebih ringan. Semakin rendah nilai gap maka derajat pemisahan fraksi-fraksi menjadi tinggi.


Derajat pemisahan

What Is Crude Oil ?

There were few takers of the 19th century elixir that came to be called "snake oil." It was one of the less successful uses of petroleum, but not the first to claim healing properties. Ancient Persians, 10th century Sumatrans and pre-Columbian Indians all believed that crude oil had medicinal benefits. Marco Polo found it used in the Caspian Sea region to treat camels for mange, and the first oil

Understanding Gas Treating Fundamentals Part 02

The total level of contaminants and degradation products in the solution may be referred to as the residue of the solution. The residue of the solution is the amount of material that is generally not considered part of a healthy gas treating solution, meaning anything that is not free (active) amine or water. This residue, as the equation below shows, is easy to calculate and encompasses all of

Compressor : Basic Theory Part 01

Teori Dasar Kompresor (Bagian 01).

Compressor seperti pompa membutuhkan energi untuk memindahkan fluida ke system perpipaan. Seperti halnya pompa, kompresor secara umum dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi reciprocating dan sentrifugal unit. Kompresor jenis reciprocating unit bekerja pada kecepatan rendah dan centrifugal unit digunakan pada tekanan yang relatif tinggi. Pada kasus ini pompa positive

Distillation : Basic Theory Part 01

Teori Dasar Distilasi ( Bagian 01 ).

Distilasi adalah suatu proses yang melibatkan campuran liquid atau uap yang terdiri dari dua atau lebih komponen dipisahkan menjadi fraksi komponen yang diinginkan, dengan memasukan dan mengeluarkan panas. Pemisahan komponen dari campuran liquid dengan distilasi tergantung pada titik didih masing-masing komponen. Dan juga tergantung pada konsentrasi, karena